زمین بازی
Turtle Motion
طول.باشد NUM_x
Move turtle to the specified X location
Example:
طول.باشد 100
Explained in lesson:
عرض.باشد NUM_y
Move turtle to the specified Y location
Example:
عرض.باشد 200
Explained in lesson:
طوع.باشد NUM_X NUM_Y , set pos [ NUM_X NUM_Y ]
Move turtle to the specified location
Example:
طوع.باشد 100 100
Explained in lesson:
جهت.باشد , جهت.باشد
Rotate the turtle to the specified heading
Example:
sh 145
Explained in lesson:
کمان ANGLE RADIUS
Will create an arc distance RADIUS covering ANGLE angle
Example:
ARC 360 5
Explained in lesson:
ellipse WIDTH HEIGHT
Will create an ellipse with Width and height
Example:
ellipse 80 90
Turtle Motion Queries
مکان
Outputs the current turtle position as [ x y ], x or y respectively
Example:
مکان
Explained in lesson:
طول
Outputs the current turtle position as [ x y ], x or y respectively
Example:
طول
Explained in lesson:
عرض
Outputs the current turtle position as [ x y ], x or y respectively
Example:
عرض
Explained in lesson:
بطرف
Outputs the heading towards the specified [ x y ] coordinates
Example:
بطرف
Explained in lesson:
Turtle and Window Control
پیدا , پیدا
Show the turtle
Example:
پنهان صبر پیدا
Explained in lesson:
پاک , پاک
Will clear the screen and return the turtle home
Example:
پاک
Explained in lesson:
پر
Does a paint bucket flood fill at the turtle's position
Example:
پاک تکرارکن 4 [ ج 50 ر 90 ] بردار طوع.باشد 50 50 بگذار پر
Explained in lesson:
توپر fillcolor [ statements ... ]
Execute statements without drawing but keeping track of turtle movements. When complete, fill the region traced by the turtle with fillcolor and outline the region with the current pen style
Example:
توپر "blue [repeat 4 [fd 100 ر 90]]
Explained in lesson:
برچسب expr
Draw a word (same logic as print) on the graphics display at the turtle location
Example:
برچسب "logo پنهان
Explained in lesson:
بچ.اندازه.باشد expr
Set the height for text drawn by label, in pixels
Example:
بچ.اندازه.باشد 100 برچسب "Logo پنهان
Explained in lesson:
envolver
If the turtle moves off the edge of the screen it will continue on the other side
Example:
پاک envolver ج 800
Explained in lesson:
ventana
The turtle can move past the edges of the screen, unbounded.
Example:
پاک ventana ج 600 ر 90 ج 100 ر 90 ج 70
Explained in lesson:
valla
If the turtle attempts to move past the edge of the screen it will stop.
Example:
پاک valla ج 600 ر 90 ج 100 ر 90 ج 70
Explained in lesson:
Turtle and Window Queries
shownp , shown?
Outputs 1 if the turtle is shown, 0 if the turtle is hidden
Example:
show shown?
Explained in lesson:
labelsize
Outputs the height of text drawn by label, in pixels
Example:
show labelsize
Explained in lesson:
Pen and Background Control
بردار , بردار
Turtle stops leaving a trail
Example:
بردار
Explained in lesson:
بگذار , بگذار
The turtle will leave a trail
Example:
بگذار
Explained in lesson:
X , قلم.رنگ.باشد X
| 0: سیاه | 1: آبی | 2: سبز لیمویی |
| 3: فیروزه‌ای | 4: قرمز | 5: ارغوانی |
| 6: زرد | 7: سفید | 8: قهوه‌ای |
| 9: تانژانت | 10: سبز | 11: سبزفیروزه‌ای |
| 12: نارنجی-صورتی | 13: بنفش | 14: نارنجی |
| 15: خاکستری |
Example:
1
Explained in lesson:
[r,g,b] , قلم.رنگ.باشد [r,g,b]
Will set the turtle color accroding to the amount of red , green and blue
Example:
[50 100 50]
X , قلم.اندازه.باشد X
Will set the pen width to X
Example:
4 ج 50
Explained in lesson:
cambiarforma X or STR , cf X or STR
Will change the turtle to another shape accordin to the following 0 = "turtle", 1 = "cat", 2 = "fish", 3 = "dog", 4 = "horse", 5 = "tiger", 6 = "crab", 7 = "snail"
Example:
cf 1 or cf "dog
Explained in lesson:
Pen Queries
pendownp , pendown?
Outputs 1 if the pen is down, 0 otherwise
Example:
show pendown?
Explained in lesson:
pencolor , pc
Outputs the current pen color. This will be a CSS color string, not necessarily the value passed in.
Example:
show pencolor
Explained in lesson:
pensize
Outputs a two element list with the pen width and height (usually the same).
Example:
show pensize
Explained in lesson:
Procedure Definition
به PROCNAME inputs ... statements ... end
Define a new named procedure with optional inputs
Example:
به TURTLE تکرارکن 4 [ ج 50 ر 90] پایان
Explained in lesson:
define PROCNAME inputs ... statements ... end
Define a new named procedure with optional inputs
Example:
define "star [[n][repeat 5 [fd :n ر 144]]]
def PROCNAME
Outputs the definition of a named procedure as a string
Example:
show def "star
Variable Definition
بساز varname expr
Update a variable or define a new global variable. The variable name must be quoted
Example:
بساز "foo 5
Explained in lesson:
name expr varname
Like make but with the inputs reversed
Example:
name 5 "myvar
Explained in lesson:
localmake varname expr
Define a variable in the local scope (shortcut for local then make
Example:
localmake "myvar 5
Explained in lesson:
: VARNAME , thing VARNAME
Outputs the value of variable. :foo is a shortcut for thing "foo
Example:
show thing "myvar
Explained in lesson:
Control Structures
تکرارکن X [ statements ... ]
Repeat statements X times
Example:
تکرارکن 4 [ ج 50 ر 90]
Explained in lesson:
برای controllist [ statements ...]
Typical for loop. The controllist specifies three or four members: the local varname, start value, limit value, and optional step size
Example:
برای [i 1 10 1] [print :i]
Explained in lesson:
شمارنده
Outputs the current iteration number of the current repeat or forever
Example:
تکرارکن 4 [ شمارنده ]
اگر expr [statement]
Execute statment if expressoin is true
Example:
اگر 2>1 [print "hello]
اگرنه expr [statementTrue] [statementFalse]
Execute StatementTrue if tru else execute statementFalse
Example:
اگرنه 0>1 [print "true] [print "false]
test expr
Test the specified expression save the result in the local scope for the subsequent use by iftrue iffalse
Example:
test 3>4 اگردرست [print "true] اگرنادرست [print "false]
اگردرست [statements]
Example:
test 3>4 اگردرست [print "true] اگرنادرست [print "false]
اگرنادرست [statements]]
Example:
test 3>4 اگردرست [print "true] اگرنادرست [print "false]
صبر X
Will cause the turtle to wait X ( 60ths of seconds ) time before executing the command
Example:
تکرارکن 4 [ صبر 10 ج 50]
Explained in lesson:
adios
Ternimante the program
Example:
adios
dotimes [varname times] [ statements ...]
Run the statements the specified number of times. The variable varname is set to the current iteration number.
Example:
dotimes [ i 5 ] [ show :i * :i ]
do.while [ statements ...] expr
Runs the specified statements at least once, and repeats while the expression is non-zero (true).
Example:
do.while [ بساز "a تصادفی 10 show :a ] :a < 8
while [expr] [ statements ...]
Runs the specified statements only while the expression remains non-zero (true).
Example:
while (random 2) = 0 [ show "zero ] show "one
do.until [ statements ...] [expr]
Runs the specified statements at least once, and repeats while the expression is zero (false).
Example:
do.until [ بساز "a تصادفی 10 show :a ] :a < 8
until [expr] [ statements ...]
Runs the specified statements only while the expression remains zero (false).
Example:
until (random 2) = 0 [ show "one ] show "zero
Lists
لیست thing1 thing2 ...
Create a new list from the inputs
Example:
بساز "mylist (list "turtle "academy)
Explained in lesson:
اولین listname
Outputs the first item from the list
Example:
چاپ اولین :mylist
Explained in lesson:
مگراولی listname
Outputs all the items of listname except for the first item
Example:
چاپ مگراولی :mylist
Explained in lesson:
آخرین listname
Outputs the last item from the list
Example:
چاپ آخرین :mylist
Explained in lesson:
مگرآخری listname
Outputs all the items of listname except for the last item
Example:
چاپ مگرآخری :mylist
Explained in lesson:
عنصر index listname
Outputs the indexlist item of the list or array
Example:
چاپ عنصر 1 :mylist
Explained in lesson:
جداکن index listname
Outputs one item from a list, at random
Example:
چاپ جداکن :mylist
Explained in lesson:
Math
تفریق X Y
return the distance between x and y x-y
Example:
چاپ تفریق 8 2
تصادفی X
Will choose a random number between 0 - (X-1)'
Example:
پاک چاپ جمع تصادفی 10 3
Explained in lesson:
modulo expr expr
Outputs the remainder (modulus). For remainder and % the result has the same sign as the first input; for modulo the result has the same sign as a the second input.
Example:
پاک چاپ modulo 10 3
power expr expr
3 power 4 = 81
Example:
show power 3 4
Receivers
leerpalabra
Prompt the user for a line of input. The result (including spaces) is the single word output.
Example:
بساز "name (readword [What is your name?]) show :name
Explained in lesson:
leerlista
Prompt the user for a line of input. The result is a list of words.
Example:
بساز "colors (readlist [Type some colors:]) show :colors
Predicates
word thing , word? thing
Returns true (1) or false (0) if thing is a word
Example:
show word "hello
listp thing , list? thing
Returns true (1) or false (0) if thing is a list
Example:
چاپ listp [1 2 3]
arrayp thing , array? thing
Returns true (1) or false (0) if thing is an array
Example:
چاپ arrayp array 2
numberp thing , number? thing
Returns true (1) or false (0) if thing is a number
Example:
چاپ numberp 25
emptyp thing , empty? thing
Test if thing is an empty list or empty string.
Example:
چاپ emptyp []
equalp expr expr , equal? expr expr
Test if xper expr are equal.
Example:
equalp "no "yes
notequalp expr expr , notequal? expr expr
Test if xper expr are not equal.
Example:
notequalp "no "yes
beforep thing1 , before? thing1
Test string collation order.
Example:
چاپ before? "bye "hi
substringp thing1 thing2 , substring? thing1 thing2
Test if thing1 is a substring of thing2.
Example:
چاپ substringp "hello "helloworld