מגרש המשחקים
תזוזות הצב
קבעמיקוםאפקי NUM_x
Move turtle to the specified X location
Example:
קבעמיקוםאפקי 100
Explained in lesson:
קבעמיקוםאנכי NUM_y
Move turtle to the specified Y location
Example:
קבעמיקוםאנכי 200
Explained in lesson:
קבעמיקוםצב NUM_X NUM_Y , set pos [ NUM_X NUM_Y ]
Move turtle to the specified location
Example:
קבעמיקוםצב 100 100
Explained in lesson:
כווןראש , כר
Rotate the turtle to the specified heading
Example:
sh 145
Explained in lesson:
קשת ANGLE RADIUS
Will create an arc distance RADIUS covering ANGLE angle
Example:
ARC 360 5
Explained in lesson:
ellipse WIDTH HEIGHT
Will create an ellipse with Width and height
Example:
ellipse 80 90
שאילתות לגביי תזוזות הצב
מיקום
Outputs the current turtle position as [ x y ], x or y respectively
Example:
מיקום
Explained in lesson:
מיקוםאפקי
Outputs the current turtle position as [ x y ], x or y respectively
Example:
מיקוםאפקי
Explained in lesson:
מיקוםאנכי
Outputs the current turtle position as [ x y ], x or y respectively
Example:
מיקוםאנכי
Explained in lesson:
כיצדלהגיע
Outputs the heading towards the specified [ x y ] coordinates
Example:
כיצדלהגיע
Explained in lesson:
שליטה במשטח של הצב
נקהמסך , נמ
Will clear the screen and return the turtle home
Example:
נמ
Explained in lesson:
צבערקע
Does a paint bucket flood fill at the turtle's position
Example:
נמ חזור 4 [ קד 50 ימ 90 ] הרע קבעמיקוםצב 50 50 הוע צבערקע
Explained in lesson:
צבערקענוצר fillcolor [ statements ... ]
Execute statements without drawing but keeping track of turtle movements. When complete, fill the region traced by the turtle with fillcolor and outline the region with the current pen style
Example:
צבערקענוצר "blue [repeat 4 [fd 100 ימ 90]]
Explained in lesson:
תווית expr
Draw a word (same logic as print) on the graphics display at the turtle location
Example:
תווית "logo הח
Explained in lesson:
קבעגודלתווית expr
Set the height for text drawn by label, in pixels
Example:
קבעגודלתווית 100 תווית "Logo הח
Explained in lesson:
מעטפת
If the turtle moves off the edge of the screen it will continue on the other side
Example:
נמ מעטפת קד 800
Explained in lesson:
חלון
The turtle can move past the edges of the screen, unbounded.
Example:
נמ חלון קד 600 ימ 90 קד 100 ימ 90 קד 70
Explained in lesson:
גדר
If the turtle attempts to move past the edge of the screen it will stop.
Example:
נמ גדר קד 600 ימ 90 קד 100 ימ 90 קד 70
Explained in lesson:
שאילתות לגביי שליטה במשטח הצב
shownp , shown?
Outputs 1 if the turtle is shown, 0 if the turtle is hidden
Example:
show shown?
Explained in lesson:
labelsize
Outputs the height of text drawn by label, in pixels
Example:
show labelsize
Explained in lesson:
שליטה בעט וברקע
הרםעט , הרע
Turtle stops leaving a trail
Example:
הרםעט
Explained in lesson:
הורדעט , הוע
The turtle will leave a trail
Example:
הורדעט
Explained in lesson:
שנהצבע X , שנהצבעעט X
| 0: שחור | 1: כחול | 2: ליים |
| 3: סיין | 4: אדום | 5: מגנטה |
| 6: צהוב | 7: לבן | 8: חום |
| 9: טנגנס | 10: ירוק | 11: אקווריום |
| 12: סלמון | 13: סגול | 14: כתום |
| 15: עפור |
Example:
שנהצבע 1
Explained in lesson:
שנהצבע [r,g,b] , שנהצבעעט [r,g,b]
Will set the turtle color accroding to the amount of red , green and blue
Example:
שנהצבע [50 100 50]
שנהרוחב X , שנהגודלעט X
Will set the pen width to X
Example:
שנהרוחב 4 קד 50
Explained in lesson:
שנהצורה X or STR , שנצו X or STR
Will change the turtle to another shape accordin to the following 0 = "turtle", 1 = "cat", 2 = "fish", 3 = "dog", 4 = "horse", 5 = "tiger", 6 = "crab", 7 = "snail"
Example:
שנצו 1 or שנצו "dog
Explained in lesson:
שאילתות לגביי העט
pendownp , pendown?
Outputs 1 if the pen is down, 0 otherwise
Example:
show pendown?
Explained in lesson:
pencolor , pc
Outputs the current pen color. This will be a CSS color string, not necessarily the value passed in.
Example:
show pencolor
Explained in lesson:
pensize
Outputs a two element list with the pen width and height (usually the same).
Example:
show pensize
Explained in lesson:
הגדרת פרוצדורות
למד PROCNAME inputs ... statements ... end
Define a new named procedure with optional inputs
Example:
למד TURTLE חזור 4 [ קד 50 ימ 90] סוף
Explained in lesson:
define PROCNAME inputs ... statements ... end
Define a new named procedure with optional inputs
Example:
define "star [[n][repeat 5 [fd :n ימ 144]]]
def PROCNAME
Outputs the definition of a named procedure as a string
Example:
show def "star
הגדרת משתנים
עשה varname expr
Update a variable or define a new global variable. The variable name must be quoted
Example:
עשה "foo 5
Explained in lesson:
שם expr varname
Like make but with the inputs reversed
Example:
שם 5 "myvar
Explained in lesson:
localmake varname expr
Define a variable in the local scope (shortcut for local then make
Example:
localmake "myvar 5
Explained in lesson:
: VARNAME , thing VARNAME
Outputs the value of variable. :foo is a shortcut for thing "foo
Example:
show thing "myvar
Explained in lesson:
מבניי שליטה
חזור X [ statements ... ]
Repeat statements X times
Example:
חזור 4 [ קד 50 ימ 90]
Explained in lesson:
עבור controllist [ statements ...]
Typical for loop. The controllist specifies three or four members: the local varname, start value, limit value, and optional step size
Example:
עבור [i 1 10 1] [print :i]
Explained in lesson:
מונהחזרה
Outputs the current iteration number of the current repeat or forever
Example:
חזור 4 [ מונהחזרה ]
אם expr [statement]
Execute statment if expressoin is true
Example:
אם 2>1 [print "hello]
אםאחרת expr [statementTrue] [statementFalse]
Execute StatementTrue if tru else execute statementFalse
Example:
אםאחרת 0>1 [print "true] [print "false]
test expr
Test the specified expression save the result in the local scope for the subsequent use by iftrue iffalse
Example:
test 3>4 אםאמת [print "true] אםשקר [print "false]
אםאמת [statements]
Example:
test 3>4 אםאמת [print "true] אםשקר [print "false]
אםשקר [statements]]
Example:
test 3>4 אםאמת [print "true] אםשקר [print "false]
המתן X
Will cause the turtle to wait X ( 60ths of seconds ) time before executing the command
Example:
חזור 4 [ המתן 10 קד 50]
Explained in lesson:
ביי
Ternimante the program
Example:
ביי
dotimes [varname times] [ statements ...]
Run the statements the specified number of times. The variable varname is set to the current iteration number.
Example:
dotimes [ i 5 ] [ show :i * :i ]
בצע.כלעוד [ statements ...] expr
Runs the specified statements at least once, and repeats while the expression is non-zero (true).
Example:
בצע.כלעוד [ עשה "a אקראי 10 show :a ] :a < 8
כלעוד [expr] [ statements ...]
Runs the specified statements only while the expression remains non-zero (true).
Example:
כלעוד (random 2) = 0 [ show "zero ] show "one
do.until [ statements ...] [expr]
Runs the specified statements at least once, and repeats while the expression is zero (false).
Example:
do.until [ עשה "a אקראי 10 show :a ] :a < 8
until [expr] [ statements ...]
Runs the specified statements only while the expression remains zero (false).
Example:
until (random 2) = 0 [ show "one ] show "zero
רשימות
רשימה thing1 thing2 ...
Create a new list from the inputs
Example:
עשה "mylist (list "turtle "academy)
Explained in lesson:
ראשון listname
Outputs the first item from the list
Example:
הדפס ראשון :mylist
Explained in lesson:
בליראשון listname
Outputs all the items of listname except for the first item
Example:
הדפס בליראשון :mylist
Explained in lesson:
אחרון listname
Outputs the last item from the list
Example:
הדפס אחרון :mylist
Explained in lesson:
בליאחרון listname
Outputs all the items of listname except for the last item
Example:
הדפס בליאחרון :mylist
Explained in lesson:
פריט index listname
Outputs the indexlist item of the list or array
Example:
הדפס פריט 1 :mylist
Explained in lesson:
בחר index listname
Outputs one item from a list, at random
Example:
הדפס בחר :mylist
Explained in lesson:
מתמטיקה
חיסור X Y
return the distance between x and y x-y
Example:
הדפס חיסור 8 2
אקראי X
Will choose a random number between 0 - (X-1)'
Example:
נמ הדפס סכום אקראי 10 3
Explained in lesson:
modulo expr expr
Outputs the remainder (modulus). For remainder and % the result has the same sign as the first input; for modulo the result has the same sign as a the second input.
Example:
נמ הדפס modulo 10 3
power expr expr
3 power 4 = 81
Example:
show power 3 4
קלטים
קראמילה
Prompt the user for a line of input. The result (including spaces) is the single word output.
Example:
עשה "name (readword [What is your name?]) show :name
Explained in lesson:
קרארשימה
Prompt the user for a line of input. The result is a list of words.
Example:
עשה "colors (readlist [Type some colors:]) show :colors
פרדיקטים
word thing , מילה? thing
Returns true (1) or false (0) if thing is a word
Example:
show word "hello
רשימה? thing , רשימה? thing
Returns true (1) or false (0) if thing is a list
Example:
הדפס רשימה? [1 2 3]
מערך? thing , מערך? thing
Returns true (1) or false (0) if thing is an array
Example:
הדפס מערך? array 2
מספר? thing , מספר? thing
Returns true (1) or false (0) if thing is a number
Example:
הדפס מספר? 25
emptyp thing , empty? thing
Test if thing is an empty list or empty string.
Example:
הדפס emptyp []
שווה? expr expr , שווה? expr expr
Test if xper expr are equal.
Example:
שווה? "no "yes
לאשווה? expr expr , לאשווה? expr expr
Test if xper expr are not equal.
Example:
לאשווה? "no "yes
לפניי? thing1 , לפניי? thing1
Test string collation order.
Example:
הדפס לפניי? "bye "hi
תתמחרוזת? thing1 thing2 , תתמחרוזת? thing1 thing2
Test if thing1 is a substring of thing2.
Example:
הדפס תתמחרוזת? "hello "helloworld