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Turtle Motion
налево X , лв X
Rotate the turtle left x degrees
Example:
налево 90
Explained in lesson:
направо X , пр X
Rotate the turtle right x degrees
Example:
направо 90
Explained in lesson:
задать_гор NUM_x
Move turtle to the specified X location
Example:
задать_гор 100
Explained in lesson:
задать_верт NUM_y
Move turtle to the specified Y location
Example:
задать_верт 200
Explained in lesson:
задать_гор_верт NUM_X NUM_Y , set pos [ NUM_X NUM_Y ]
Move turtle to the specified location
Example:
задать_гор_верт 100 100
Explained in lesson:
задать_курс , задать_курс
Rotate the turtle to the specified heading
Example:
sh 145
Explained in lesson:
дуга ANGLE RADIUS
Will create an arc distance RADIUS covering ANGLE angle
Example:
ARC 360 5
Explained in lesson:
ellipse WIDTH HEIGHT
Will create an ellipse with Width and height
Example:
ellipse 80 90
Turtle Motion Queries
коорд
Outputs the current turtle position as [ x y ], x or y respectively
Example:
коорд
Explained in lesson:
коорд_гор
Outputs the current turtle position as [ x y ], x or y respectively
Example:
коорд_гор
Explained in lesson:
коорд_верт
Outputs the current turtle position as [ x y ], x or y respectively
Example:
коорд_верт
Explained in lesson:
направление
Outputs the heading towards the specified [ x y ] coordinates
Example:
направление
Explained in lesson:
Turtle and Window Control
покажи_черепашку , пч
Show the turtle
Example:
сч ждать пч
Explained in lesson:
спрячь_черепашку , сч
Hide the turtle
Example:
спрячь_черепашку
Explained in lesson:
очисти_экран , оэ
Will clear the screen and return the turtle home
Example:
оэ
Explained in lesson:
наполнять
Does a paint bucket flood fill at the turtle's position
Example:
оэ повторить 4 [ вп 50 пр 90 ] пп задать_гор_верт 50 50 по наполнять
Explained in lesson:
заполненный fillcolor [ statements ... ]
Execute statements without drawing but keeping track of turtle movements. When complete, fill the region traced by the turtle with fillcolor and outline the region with the current pen style
Example:
заполненный "blue [repeat 4 [fd 100 пр 90]]
Explained in lesson:
надпись expr
Draw a word (same logic as print) on the graphics display at the turtle location
Example:
надпись "logo сч
Explained in lesson:
задать_высоту_надписи expr
Set the height for text drawn by label, in pixels
Example:
задать_высоту_надписи 100 надпись "Logo сч
Explained in lesson:
сворачивать
If the turtle moves off the edge of the screen it will continue on the other side
Example:
оэ сворачивать вп 800
Explained in lesson:
окно
The turtle can move past the edges of the screen, unbounded.
Example:
оэ окно вп 600 пр 90 вп 100 пр 90 вп 70
Explained in lesson:
изгородь
If the turtle attempts to move past the edge of the screen it will stop.
Example:
оэ изгородь вп 600 пр 90 вп 100 пр 90 вп 70
Explained in lesson:
Turtle and Window Queries
shownp , shown?
Outputs 1 if the turtle is shown, 0 if the turtle is hidden
Example:
show shown?
Explained in lesson:
labelsize
Outputs the height of text drawn by label, in pixels
Example:
show labelsize
Explained in lesson:
Pen and Background Control
перо_подними , пп
Turtle stops leaving a trail
Example:
перо_подними
Explained in lesson:
перо_опусти , по
The turtle will leave a trail
Example:
перо_опусти
Explained in lesson:
задать_цвет X , задать_цвет_пера X
| 0: черный | 1: голубой | 2: лимонный |
| 3: бирюзовый | 4: красный | 5: пурпурный |
| 6: желтый | 7: белый | 8: коричневый |
| 9: tg | 10: зеленый | 11: цвет морской волны |
| 12: оранжево-розовый | 13: фиолетовый | 14: оранжевый |
| 15: серый |
Example:
задать_цвет 1
Explained in lesson:
задать_цвет [r,g,b] , задать_цвет_пера [r,g,b]
Will set the turtle color accroding to the amount of red , green and blue
Example:
задать_цвет [50 100 50]
задать_ширину X , задать_толщину_пера X
Will set the pen width to X
Example:
задать_ширину 4 вп 50
Explained in lesson:
изменитьформу X or STR , иф X or STR
0 = "черепаха", 1 = "кошка", 2 = "рыба", 3 = "собака", 4 = "лошадь", 5 = "тигр", 6 = " краб", 7 = "улитка"
Example:
иф 1 or иф "dog
Explained in lesson:
Pen Queries
pendownp , pendown?
Outputs 1 if the pen is down, 0 otherwise
Example:
show pendown?
Explained in lesson:
pencolor , pc
Outputs the current pen color. This will be a CSS color string, not necessarily the value passed in.
Example:
show pencolor
Explained in lesson:
pensize
Outputs a two element list with the pen width and height (usually the same).
Example:
show pensize
Explained in lesson:
Procedure Definition
до PROCNAME inputs ... statements ... end
Define a new named procedure with optional inputs
Example:
до TURTLE повторить 4 [ вп 50 пр 90] конец
Explained in lesson:
define PROCNAME inputs ... statements ... end
Define a new named procedure with optional inputs
Example:
define "star [[n][repeat 5 [fd :n пр 144]]]
def PROCNAME
Outputs the definition of a named procedure as a string
Example:
show def "star
Variable Definition
создать varname expr
Update a variable or define a new global variable. The variable name must be quoted
Example:
создать "foo 5
Explained in lesson:
имя expr varname
Like make but with the inputs reversed
Example:
имя 5 "myvar
Explained in lesson:
localmake varname expr
Define a variable in the local scope (shortcut for local then make
Example:
localmake "myvar 5
Explained in lesson:
: VARNAME , thing VARNAME
Outputs the value of variable. :foo is a shortcut for thing "foo
Example:
show thing "myvar
Explained in lesson:
Control Structures
повторить X [ statements ... ]
Repeat statements X times
Example:
повторить 4 [ вп 50 пр 90]
Explained in lesson:
для controllist [ statements ...]
Typical for loop. The controllist specifies three or four members: the local varname, start value, limit value, and optional step size
Example:
для [i 1 10 1] [print :i]
Explained in lesson:
число_повторов
Outputs the current iteration number of the current repeat or forever
Example:
повторить 4 [ число_повторов ]
если expr [statement]
Execute statment if expressoin is true
Example:
если 2>1 [print "hello]
если_иначе expr [statementTrue] [statementFalse]
Execute StatementTrue if tru else execute statementFalse
Example:
если_иначе 0>1 [print "true] [print "false]
test expr
Test the specified expression save the result in the local scope for the subsequent use by iftrue iffalse
Example:
test 3>4 если_истина [print "true] если_ложь [print "false]
если_истина [statements]
Example:
test 3>4 если_истина [print "true] если_ложь [print "false]
если_ложь [statements]]
Example:
test 3>4 если_истина [print "true] если_ложь [print "false]
ждать X
Will cause the turtle to wait X ( 60ths of seconds ) time before executing the command
Example:
повторить 4 [ ждать 10 вп 50]
Explained in lesson:
до_свидания
Ternimante the program
Example:
до_свидания
dotimes [varname times] [ statements ...]
Run the statements the specified number of times. The variable varname is set to the current iteration number.
Example:
dotimes [ i 5 ] [ show :i * :i ]
делать, пока [ statements ...] expr
Runs the specified statements at least once, and repeats while the expression is non-zero (true).
Example:
делать, пока [ создать "a случайное 10 show :a ] :a < 8
пока [expr] [ statements ...]
Runs the specified statements only while the expression remains non-zero (true).
Example:
пока (random 2) = 0 [ show "zero ] show "one
do.until [ statements ...] [expr]
Runs the specified statements at least once, and repeats while the expression is zero (false).
Example:
do.until [ создать "a случайное 10 show :a ] :a < 8
until [expr] [ statements ...]
Runs the specified statements only while the expression remains zero (false).
Example:
until (random 2) = 0 [ show "one ] show "zero
Lists
список thing1 thing2 ...
Create a new list from the inputs
Example:
создать "mylist (list "turtle "academy)
Explained in lesson:
первый listname
Outputs the first item from the list
Example:
напиши первый :mylist
Explained in lesson:
кроме_первого listname
Outputs all the items of listname except for the first item
Example:
напиши кроме_первого :mylist
Explained in lesson:
последний listname
Outputs the last item from the list
Example:
напиши последний :mylist
Explained in lesson:
кроме_последнего listname
Outputs all the items of listname except for the last item
Example:
напиши кроме_последнего :mylist
Explained in lesson:
элемент index listname
Outputs the indexlist item of the list or array
Example:
напиши элемент 1 :mylist
Explained in lesson:
выбрать index listname
Outputs one item from a list, at random
Example:
напиши выбрать :mylist
Explained in lesson:
Math
минус X Y
return the distance between x and y x-y
Example:
напиши минус 8 2
случайное X
Will choose a random number between 0 - (X-1)'
Example:
оэ напиши сумма случайное 10 3
Explained in lesson:
modulo expr expr
Outputs the remainder (modulus). For remainder and % the result has the same sign as the first input; for modulo the result has the same sign as a the second input.
Example:
оэ напиши modulo 10 3
power expr expr
3 power 4 = 81
Example:
show power 3 4
Receivers
читатьслово
Prompt the user for a line of input. The result (including spaces) is the single word output.
Example:
создать "name (readword [What is your name?]) show :name
Explained in lesson:
leerlista
Prompt the user for a line of input. The result is a list of words.
Example:
создать "colors (readlist [Type some colors:]) show :colors
Predicates
word thing , слово? thing
Returns true (1) or false (0) if thing is a word
Example:
show word "hello
список? thing , список? thing
Returns true (1) or false (0) if thing is a list
Example:
напиши список? [1 2 3]
матрица? thing , матрица? thing
Returns true (1) or false (0) if thing is an array
Example:
напиши матрица? array 2
количество? thing , количество? thing
Returns true (1) or false (0) if thing is a number
Example:
напиши количество? 25
emptyp thing , empty? thing
Test if thing is an empty list or empty string.
Example:
напиши emptyp []
равный? expr expr , равный? expr expr
Test if xper expr are equal.
Example:
равный? "no "yes
неравный? expr expr , неравный? expr expr
Test if xper expr are not equal.
Example:
неравный? "no "yes
до? thing1 , до? thing1
Test string collation order.
Example:
напиши до? "bye "hi
подстрока? thing1 thing2 , подстрока? thing1 thing2
Test if thing1 is a substring of thing2.
Example:
напиши подстрока? "hello "helloworld